Branches

  1. Anatomy – the study of organisms structures
    • Comparative anatomy – the study of evolution of species through similarities and differences in their anatomy
    • Histology – the study of tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
  2. Astrobiology (also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy) – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe
  3. Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactionsrequired for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
  4. Biological engineering – the attempt to create products inspired by biological systems or to modify and interact with the biological systems
  5. Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
  6. Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
  7. Biolinguistics – the study of the biology and evolution of language
  8. Biomechanics – the study of the mechanics of living beings
  9. Biomedical research – the study of health and disease
  10. Biophysics – the study of biological processes by applying the theories and methods traditionally employed in the physical sciences
  11. Biotechnology – the study of the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
    • Synthetic biology – research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
  12. Botany – the study of plants
  13. Cell biology – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
  14. Chronobiology – the study of periodic events in living systems
  15. Cognitive biology – the study of cognition
  16. Conservation biology – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
  17. Cryobiology – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
  18. Developmental biology – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
    • Embryology – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
    • Gerontology – study of ageing processes
  19. Ecology – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
  20. Evolutionary biology – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
  21. Genetics – the study of genes and heredity
    • Genomics – the study of genomes
    • Epigenetics – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
  22. Immunology – the study of the immune system
  23. Marine biology (or biological oceanography) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
  24. Microbiology – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
  25. Molecular biology – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
  26. Nanobiology – the application of nanotechnology in biological research, and the study of living organisms and parts on the nanoscale level of organization
  27. Neuroscience – the study of the nervous system
  28. Paleontology – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
  29. Pathobiology or pathology – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
  30. Pharmacology – the study of the interactions between drugs and organisms
  31. Physiology – the study of the functions and mechanisms occurring in living organisms
  32. Phytopathology – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
  33. Psychobiology – the application of methods traditionally used in biology to study human and non-human animals behaviour
  34. Quantum biology – the study of the role of quantum phenomena in biological processes
  35. Systems biology – the study complex interactions within biological systems through a holistic approach
  36. Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
  37. Theoretical biology – the branch of biology that employs abstractions and mathematical models to explain biological phenomena
  38. Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, evolution and behaviour, including: